ABSTRACT: Corporate Social Responsibility has become an important strategic consideration for firms worldwide, yet its relationship with profitability remains empirically unsettled. Existing studies report conflicting outcomes, some finding a positive link between CSR and profitability, others a negative one, and still others no significant relationship at all, largely because of differences in the variables, data sources, industries, and time frames used across studies. In Kenya, most research on CSR and profitability has concentrated on the banking and general manufacturing sectors, leaving the agricultural sector, which anchors the country’s economy, largely unexamined. In particular, no known study has interrogated how the specific dimensions of CSR- economic, ethical, environmental, and philanthropic responsibility individually influence the profitability of tea manufacturing firms. This gap motivated the present study, which used Kaimosi Tea Factory as a case study. The study’s general objective was to establish the effects of Corporate Social Responsibility on the profitability of tea manufacturing firms in Kenya. The specific objectives were to: establish the effect of economic responsibility on profitability, examine the effect of environmental responsibility on profitability, determine the effect of philanthropic initiatives on profitability, and analyze the effect of ethical practices on profitability at Kaimosi Tea Factory. The study adopted a descriptive research design, which allowed the researchers to generalize findings to a wider population and gain an in-depth understanding of the relationship between CSR and profitability. The target population comprised the 332 employees of Kaimosi Tea Factory drawn from all departments (General Manager, Human Resource, Finance, Operations, Procurement, Leaf Count, Weighbridge, Farm, and Supervisors). Using random sampling and a 95% confidence level, the study selected a sample of 71 employees, of whom 67 returned valid questionnaires. The questionnaires were complemented by secondary data from the firm’s financial statements for 2014–2017. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 24, generating descriptive statistics (means, medians, and standard deviations) that showed generally favorable perceptions of CSR practices for instance, respondents’ agreement that corporate governance and retained earnings positively affect profitability averaged around 4.0 on a 5-point Likert scale, alongside regression and trend analysis linking each CSR dimension to profitability. The study measured profitability using Return on Assets, Return on Equity, Return on Capital Employed, profit margin, and liquidity, while analyzing CSR across its four dimensions. The study was anchored on three theories: Stakeholder Theory, Competitive Advantage Theory, and Social Cost Theory. The study recommends that tea manufacturing firms strengthen corporate governance and reinvest retained earnings to boost economic performance; invest in employee training to enhance the innovativeness that supports ethical CSR outcomes; adopt eco-friendly packaging, proper waste treatment, recycling, and agroforestry practices to improve environmental returns; and expand community-focused philanthropic initiatives such as schools and health centers to build reputation and competitive advantage. The study is significant to policymakers seeking to formulate CSR guidelines for the tea sub-sector, to management and investors making decisions on CSR investment, and to the academic community, as it narrows an identified literature gap and provides a basis for further research on CSR and profitability in Kenya’s agricultural sector.